(ISC)2 CISSP-ISSAP Exam Computer networks and the Internet are the prime mode of Information transfer today. Which of the following is a technique used for modifying messages, providing Information…

Question

Options

• ARisk analysis
• BFirewall security
• CCryptography
• DOODA loop

• B
  3% (1)
• C
  90% (28)
• D
  6% (2)

Explanation

Cryptography is the practice of transforming readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using algorithms and keys, making it the direct answer to "modifying messages" for secure transmission over the Internet. It addresses confidentiality, integrity, and authentication - all core security goals during network communications.

Why the distractors are wrong:

• A. Risk analysis identifies and evaluates threats but does not modify or protect messages in transit.
• B. Firewall security controls network traffic at boundaries but does not transform or encrypt message content.
• D. OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) is a decision-making framework from military strategy, adapted in cybersecurity for incident response - not message protection.

Memory tip: Think of cryptography as a lock-and-key on your message itself - the only option that physically changes the data. Firewalls are the bouncer at the door; risk analysis is the threat assessment meeting; OODA is the response playbook. Only crypto touches the message.

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