Which of the following is the BEST way to verify the effectiveness of a data restoration process?

Reviewing physical access to backup media is important for security, but it does not verify the integrity or restorability of the data itself.

Validating offline backups using software utilities may confirm file integrity or catalog status, but it doesn't confirm the entire restoration process or the usability of the restored data in a real-world scenario.

Reviewing and updating policies is crucial for governance, but it does not verify the practical effectiveness or execution of the restoration process.

Performing periodic complete data restorations, often referred to as restore testing, is the most direct and comprehensive method to verify the effectiveness of the entire restoration process. This involves actually recovering data from backups to an alternative system or location to confirm that the backups are valid, the recovery procedures work as expected, and the data is usable, thereby proving the integrity and restorability of the data.