Who operates the management plane? Response:

Regulators set standards and oversee compliance, but they do not directly operate the management plane of an organization's IT infrastructure.

End consumers (or end-users) interact with the application plane or data plane to consume services, but they do not operate the infrastructure's management plane.

The management plane, in cloud computing and infrastructure management, refers to the set of interfaces and tools used to configure, control, and monitor the underlying resources and services. This plane is typically operated by privileged users, such as system administrators, operators, or authorized personnel, who have the necessary permissions to manage the infrastructure and deploy applications.

Privacy data subjects are individuals whose personal data is being processed; they are the subject of privacy regulations, not operators of the management plane.