The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Top Ten is a list of web application security threats that is composed by a member-driven OWASP committee of application development experts and publi

Auto-escaping template systems automatically encode output, preventing malicious scripts from being rendered as executable code, thus reducing XSS risk.

XML escaping identity assertions is related to securing XML processing or SAML assertions, which is a different security context than preventing the injection of client-side scripts (XSS) into web pages. XSS prevention focuses on proper output encoding and input sanitization for HTML contexts.

Sanitizing HTML markup with a specialized library removes potentially malicious tags and attributes from user-supplied input, directly mitigating XSS vulnerabilities.

HTML escaping JSON values before embedding them in an HTML context and then parsing them with JSON.parse ensures that the JSON data is treated as data, not executable HTML or script, preventing XSS.