Designers making applications for the cloud have to take into consideration risks and operational constraints that did not exist or were not as pronounced in the legacy environment. Which of the follo

IAM capability (Identity and Access Management) is crucial in both legacy and cloud environments for controlling user access to resources.

DDoS resistance (Distributed Denial of Service) is important for any public-facing application, whether legacy or cloud, to ensure availability.

In a cloud environment, data is stored and transmitted across potentially less controlled or shared infrastructure, making encryption for both data at rest (stored on disks) and data in motion (transmitted over networks) critical for protecting sensitive information. While important in legacy systems, the distributed and multi-tenant nature of the cloud elevates encryption to a paramount design consideration.

Field validation is a fundamental security and data integrity practice in all application development, regardless of the deployment environment.