Without virtualization, there is no cloud.

False is incorrect because virtualization is universally recognized as the prerequisite technology for cloud computing, enabling the resource abstraction, isolation, and dynamic allocation that cloud services depend on.

Virtualization is the enabling technology behind the core cloud characteristics defined by NIST, including resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and on-demand self-service - none of which are achievable at scale on dedicated physical hardware alone. Hypervisors and container runtimes abstract physical compute, storage, and network resources into logical pools that can be dynamically provisioned to multiple tenants simultaneously. Without this abstraction layer, the multi-tenancy and elasticity that define cloud computing cannot exist.