Which of the following items is NOT an example of Security as a Service (SecaaS)?

Spam filtering is a recognized SecaaS category that delivers email security controls as a cloud-hosted managed service.

Authentication is a core SecaaS offering that provides identity verification and access control delivered from the cloud.

Provisioning refers to the process of allocating and configuring cloud resources such as VMs, storage, and user accounts - it is an operational cloud management function, not a security capability. Security as a Service (SecaaS) encompasses security functions delivered via the cloud such as filtering, threat detection, and access control. Provisioning does not protect, detect, or enforce security policies in the way SecaaS offerings do.

Web filtering is a SecaaS capability that monitors and restricts web traffic through a cloud-delivered security proxy.

Intrusion detection is a SecaaS offering that delivers threat monitoring and alerting through cloud-hosted sensors and analytics.