Which of the following best describes the advantage of homomorphic encryption when compared to other encryption methodologies?

Homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without first decrypting it, meaning the entity performing the computation (e.g., a cloud provider) does not need access to the private key or a pre-shared key to decrypt the plaintext. This distinct advantage enables processing by untrusted parties while maintaining data confidentiality, as the key for decryption remains solely with the data owner.

Homomorphic encryption is computationally intensive and generally has significantly higher resource utilization compared to standard encryption schemes due to its complexity.

Tokenization is a distinct data security technique that replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive substitutes; it is not inherent to or an advantage of homomorphic encryption.

Data integrity is typically ensured through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, which are separate from the core function of homomorphic encryption (computation on ciphertext).