A software development manager is taking over an existing software development project. The team currently suffers from poor communication due to a long delay between requirements documentation and…

Agile methodology uses short, iterative cycles with continuous stakeholder feedback and frequent delivery, which minimizes the gap between requirements and working features.

Waterfall methodology enforces a strict linear sequence - requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment - where each phase must be completed before the next begins. This creates a large temporal gap between requirements documentation and delivery, making it difficult to catch security defects early and resulting in a higher rate of security bugs reaching production.

Scrum is an Agile framework using time-boxed sprints (typically 2-4 weeks) that produce shippable increments regularly, keeping requirements and delivery tightly coupled.

Spiral methodology is an iterative, risk-driven model that incorporates repeated prototyping and risk analysis cycles, enabling early identification of defects including security issues.