CAMS · Question #401
In which type of banking transaction is price manipulation, as a form of money laundering, a common practice?
The correct answer is C. Issuing a letter of credit. Letters of credit in trade finance are the primary vehicle for trade-based money laundering, where illicit value is transferred by manipulating the declared prices of goods.
Question
In which type of banking transaction is price manipulation, as a form of money laundering, a common practice?
Options
- ARedeeming an annuity
- BSending a wire transfer
- CIssuing a letter of credit
- DSubscribing to a cash management account
How the community answered
(24 responses)- A8% (2)
- B4% (1)
- C75% (18)
- D13% (3)
Why each option
Letters of credit in trade finance are the primary vehicle for trade-based money laundering, where illicit value is transferred by manipulating the declared prices of goods.
Redeeming an annuity is an insurance or investment product withdrawal that does not involve the invoicing of goods or services, providing no mechanism for trade-based price manipulation.
Wire transfers move funds electronically and directly, so they do not involve commercial invoicing where prices can be manipulated to disguise value transfer.
Letters of credit involve documented commercial transactions where goods can be systematically over-invoiced or under-invoiced to transfer value across borders - a technique classified as trade-based money laundering. The complexity of international trade documentation and the volume of transactions make price discrepancies difficult to detect, making letters of credit a preferred exploitation vehicle.
A cash management account is a treasury liquidity product with no connection to the pricing of international goods shipments, making price manipulation inapplicable.
Concept tested: Trade-based money laundering via letter of credit price manipulation
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