Which three factors slow down network convergence? (Choose three.)

Constant interface flapping repeatedly triggers routing protocol reconvergence events, preventing the network from ever reaching a stable state. The continuous SPF recalculations and LSA flooding consume router CPU and link bandwidth, further degrading convergence performance.

Lack of redundant paths does not slow the convergence process itself - the network converges quickly to a state where no alternate route exists; redundancy affects availability and resilience, not the speed of convergence.

When routers hold inconsistent topology databases - due to delayed LSA flooding or synchronization failures - they compute different routing tables and make contradictory forwarding decisions. This inconsistency forces repeated protocol exchanges to reconcile the differing views, prolonging the convergence process.

Optical transport equipment such as amplifiers and regenerators can maintain the light signal across a fiber break, preventing the router interface from detecting a Loss of Signal event at the physical layer. Without this physical-layer trigger, routers must wait for slow protocol-level dead timers to identify the failure, significantly delaying convergence.

Incorrect summarization at ABRs can cause reachability problems or suboptimal routing decisions, but it does not introduce delays in the protocol mechanisms that detect and propagate topology changes.