What must be enabled to secure SaaS-based applications?

Modular Policy Framework (MPF) is a feature on Cisco ASA/FTD used for granular packet inspection and policy enforcement, not directly for securing SaaS application user access.

Two-factor authentication (2FA) significantly improves security for SaaS applications by requiring users to provide two different authentication factors (e.g., something they know like a password, and something they have like a mobile device or token) before granting access. This mechanism effectively protects against unauthorized access even if primary credentials are stolen.

An application security gateway is a type of appliance or service that protects web applications, but it's a broader solution and 2FA is a specific, fundamental security control for user access to SaaS.

End-to-end encryption secures data in transit and at rest, but it doesn't directly address the authentication mechanism for user access to SaaS applications itself.