Which resource is able to be shared among virtual machines deployed on the same physical server?

Virtual machines can share underlying physical disk resources, either by storing their virtual disk files on a shared storage array (like a SAN or NAS) accessed by the hypervisor, or by having their virtual disks reside on different logical volumes of a single physical disk on the host, allowing multiple VMs to utilize the same physical storage hardware.

Each virtual machine typically runs its own independent operating system instance, such as Windows or Linux, and does not share a single OS image or kernel directly with other VMs.

Each virtual machine has its own distinct configuration file (e.g., .vmx for VMware, .xml for KVM) that defines its specific virtual hardware, settings, and resource allocations, which are unique to that VM.

Applications are installed within the operating system of each individual virtual machine and are not directly shared across different VM instances; each VM manages its own application stack independently.