Which of the following refers to the ability to ensure that the data is not modified or tampered with?

Question

Options

• AIntegrity
• BConfidentiality
• CAvailability
• DNon-repudiation

• A
  75% (18)
• B
  8% (2)
• C
  13% (3)
• D
  4% (1)

Explanation

Integrity (A) is correct because it specifically refers to the guarantee that data remains accurate, complete, and unaltered - whether in storage or in transit - and that any unauthorized modification is detectable.

Confidentiality (B) is about keeping data secret and accessible only to authorized parties, not about preventing tampering. Availability (C) ensures systems and data are accessible when needed, which is a different security goal entirely. Non-repudiation (D) prevents someone from denying they performed an action (like sending a message), which is related to accountability, not data modification.

Memory tip: Think of Integrity as Intact data - if someone tampers with it, it's no longer intact. The CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) is the classic framework: each letter covers a distinct property, so don't conflate them on the exam.

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