An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate that the last test did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of the follo

If the wireless card were not turned on, no packets at all would be captured, not just a selective absence of management and control frame types.

Incorrect drivers would more likely cause complete capture failure or system instability rather than selectively filtering only management and control frames.

On Linux and Mac OS X, promiscuous mode does not yield raw 802.11 frames - monitor mode is required - but this choice incorrectly implies only headers are received and does not accurately explain the selective absence of management and control frames.

Not all wireless adapters and their drivers expose management frames (beacons, probe requests) and control frames (ACK, RTS/CTS) to capturing tools - this depends on the adapter chipset and OS-level driver support for monitor mode. Even when monitor mode is enabled, some OS and adapter combinations silently drop these frame types, resulting in traces that contain only data frames.