What is one thing a tester can do to ensure that the software is trusted and is not changing or tampering with critical data on the back end of a system it is loaded on?

General testing validates functionality but does not provide visibility into low-level system interactions that could indicate covert data tampering.

Secure coding principles guide how software is written, but they do not verify the runtime behavior of already-compiled software toward back-end data.

A systems security and architecture review evaluates design and configuration at a high level rather than monitoring actual runtime data access patterns.

Software interrupts are requests from a program to the operating system for privileged services such as disk I/O or memory operations. By monitoring and analyzing these interrupt calls at runtime, a tester can determine exactly what system resources the software is accessing or modifying, making it possible to detect unauthorized tampering with back-end data. This dynamic behavioral analysis provides evidence of trust that static code review or functional testing alone cannot supply.