The "Gray-box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?

Question

Options

• AOnly the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
• BThe internal operation of a system in only partly accessible to the tester.
• COnly the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
• DThe internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.

• A
  4% (2)
• B
  92% (45)
• C
  2% (1)
• D
  2% (1)

Explanation

Gray-Box Testing Explained

Gray-box testing sits between black-box and white-box testing - the tester has partial knowledge of the system's internal workings, making B correct. This "partial access" might include some documentation, database schemas, or architecture diagrams, but not the full source code or complete system internals.

Why the distractors are wrong:

• A describes black-box testing, where the tester only sees inputs and outputs with no internal knowledge whatsoever.
• C is a near-miss distractor - gray-box testers don't rely solely on internal knowledge; they combine limited internal insight with external testing.
• D describes white-box testing, where the tester has complete visibility into the source code and internal logic.

Memory Tip: Think of the color spectrum - black = no light (no internal knowledge), white = full light (complete internal knowledge), and gray = somewhere in between (partial knowledge). The color literally tells you the answer!

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