Richard, an attacker, aimed to hack IoT devices connected to a target network. In this process, Richard recorded the frequency required to share information between connected devices. After obtaining

A cryptanalysis attack focuses on breaking encryption algorithms or ciphertext to recover plaintext; Richard did not attempt to decrypt or analyze any cryptographic scheme.

A reconnaissance attack is a passive information-gathering phase used to discover targets and network topology; Richard went beyond reconnaissance by actively injecting captured signals into the network.

A side-channel attack exploits physical implementation information such as power consumption, electromagnetic emissions, or timing data to extract secrets, which is unrelated to capturing and replaying RF command signals.

A replay attack involves intercepting valid data transmissions and retransmitting them to deceive the target system. Richard followed the exact replay attack methodology: capturing the RF frequency, recording original command signals using URH (Universal Radio Hacker), and re-injecting those captured signals on the same frequency to make the IoT network respond as if legitimate commands were issued.