jane, an ethical hacker. Is testing a target organization's web server and website to identity security loopholes. In this process, she copied the entire website and its content on a local drive to vi

Website mirroring involves using tools such as HTTrack or wget to download a complete local replica of a target website, capturing all pages, images, links, and directory structures for offline analysis. This passive reconnaissance technique allows an ethical hacker to map the site's directory hierarchy, identify hidden files or administrative paths, and gather intelligence about the target's structure without repeatedly querying the live server.

Session hijacking involves stealing or forging valid session tokens to impersonate an authenticated user on a live web application, which requires active network interception rather than downloading a static copy of a website.

Web cache poisoning involves manipulating cached HTTP responses stored on a server or CDN so that malicious content is served to end users - this is an active exploitation technique entirely unrelated to copying a website locally for reconnaissance.

Website defacement is an unauthorized modification of a live website's displayed content to replace it with different messaging or imagery, which is a destructive active attack rather than a passive information-gathering activity.