Clark, a professional hacker, was hired by an organization lo gather sensitive Information about its competitors surreptitiously. Clark gathers the server IP address of the target organization using W

AOL is a legacy web portal and email service with no specialized functionality for extracting network range, topology, or OS information from an IP address.

ARIN is a regional internet registry that provides IP address allocation data, but it is a dedicated registry database rather than the general-purpose online search tool described in the scenario.

DuckDuckGo is cited in CEH footprinting methodology as a privacy-preserving search engine that allows an attacker to passively gather network information - including network range and infrastructure details - without creating identifiable search logs that could alert the target. Its built-in anonymity features prevent reverse attribution, supporting covert reconnaissance. In CEH courseware it is listed among tools used to surface network-layer information about a target from publicly available sources.

Baidu is a Chinese search engine that does not provide network range, topology, or OS information from IP addresses, and is not associated with covert footprinting in CEH methodology.