Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"?

Overloading PAT maps many internal hosts to a single public IP using different port numbers, so there is no guaranteed one-to-one correspondence for a specific internal machine.

Dynamic PAT also multiplexes multiple internal hosts over one or more public IPs using port numbers, preventing a stable per-machine public address.

Dynamic NAT assigns public IPs from a pool on demand rather than creating a fixed mapping, so the same internal host may receive a different public IP each session.

Static Network Address Translation (Static NAT) establishes a fixed, permanent mapping between one public IP address and one specific private IP address. This ensures that all inbound traffic to the public IP always reaches the same internal host, which is essential for hosting publicly accessible servers such as web or mail servers. Unlike dynamic NAT or PAT, static NAT does not use address pools or port multiplexing, guaranteeing a consistent and predictable mapping for every connection.