Which survey type relies on predictive models of RF behavior based on building floor plans and materials, without physically measuring signals?

An active survey requires a client device to associate with deployed APs and actively transmit data to measure real throughput and performance, which requires both physical presence at the site and functioning infrastructure.

A passive survey involves a technician walking the site with a wireless adapter in monitor mode to capture actual RF signals from deployed APs, which requires physically being present and measuring live signals.

Predictive surveys use RF planning tools such as Ekahau AI Pro or iBwave that apply mathematical propagation models based on wall materials, attenuation values, and floor plan geometry imported by the engineer. No physical AP deployment or on-site signal capture is required, making this approach ideal for planning new installations before construction or procurement. The output includes simulated coverage heat maps, recommended AP placements, and channel assignments.

A validation survey is conducted after infrastructure deployment to verify that actual measured RF coverage meets the design specifications, requiring on-site signal measurements with real equipment.