Which of the following identifies traffic based upon its physical network address?

Phishing is a social engineering attack that tricks users into revealing credentials or installing malware and has nothing to do with identifying network traffic by address.

Hashing is a one-way cryptographic function used for data integrity verification, not for identifying or filtering network traffic by physical address.

MAC (Media Access Control) filtering works by allowing or denying network access based on the 48-bit hardware address assigned to each network interface card, which is the physical network address. Network devices such as switches and wireless access points inspect the source MAC address of incoming frames and compare it against an allow or deny list. This identifies traffic at the data link layer using the device's physical identifier.

Geotracking identifies the geographic location of a device or IP address and does not operate on physical network layer addresses.