Which statement best describes encapsulation?

Question

Options

• AEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that only certain fields and methods of an object are accessible from other objects.
• BEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that their methods are inheritable.
• CEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed with some fields and methods declared as abstract.
• DEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that if a method has an argument MyType x, any subclass of MyType can be passed to that method.

• A
  76% (25)
• B
  3% (1)
• C
  6% (2)
• D
  15% (5)

Explanation

Encapsulation is the OOP principle of bundling data and behavior inside a class while controlling what the outside world can access - option A captures this precisely with "only certain fields and methods are accessible from other objects," which is enforced through access modifiers like private, protected, and public.

• B is wrong because method inheritance describes inheritance, not encapsulation.
• C is wrong because abstract fields/methods describe abstraction, a separate OOP pillar.
• D is wrong because passing subclass instances where a parent type is expected describes polymorphism (specifically the Liskov Substitution Principle).

Memory tip: Think of encapsulation as a capsule (like a pill) - the medicine (data) is sealed inside, and only the outer coating (public interface) is exposed. If you can control who sees what, that's encapsulation.

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