QUESTION 61 Which statement best describes encapsulation?

Question

Options

• AEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that only certain fields and methods of an object are accessible from other objects.
• BEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that their methods are inheritable.
• CEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed with some fields and methods declared as abstract.
• DEncapsulation ensures that classes can be designed so that if a method has an argument MyType x, any subclass of MyType can be passed to that method.

• A
  94% (29)
• B
  3% (1)
• C
  3% (1)

Explanation

Option A is correct because encapsulation is the OOP principle of bundling data (fields) and behavior (methods) within a class while restricting direct external access - typically through access modifiers like private, protected, and public. This "data hiding" lets you control exactly what other objects can see and interact with.

Why the others are wrong:

• B describes inheritance, not encapsulation - the ability for subclasses to inherit methods from a parent.
• C describes abstraction - specifically the use of abstract classes/methods to define contracts without full implementation.
• D describes the Liskov Substitution Principle (a pillar of polymorphism), where a subtype can stand in for its parent type.

Memory tip: Think of encapsulation as a capsule (like a pill) - the internals are sealed off from the outside. You interact only through the exposed surface (public methods), not the hidden contents (private fields).

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