Which three statements are true about Oracle checkpoint processing? (Choose three.)

While frequent checkpoints can indeed degrade database performance by increasing I/O activity, this statement describes a potential consequence of checkpoint tuning rather than a fundamental operational aspect of checkpoint processing, and is not selected among the core truths.

The Database Writer (DBWn) processes are responsible for writing dirty blocks from the database buffer cache to the datafiles, while the Checkpoint (CKPT) process updates control files and datafile headers with checkpoint information.

Checkpoints reduce the recovery time from instance failures by ensuring that all data blocks modified up to a specific System Change Number (SCN) are written to disk, thus minimizing the amount of redo application required during recovery.

Incremental checkpoints write some dirty buffers to datafiles, but they do not write unwritten redo to the online redo logs; the Log Writer (LGWR) process is solely responsible for writing redo entries to the online redo logs.

During a normal database shutdown, a checkpoint is performed to guarantee that all dirty buffers residing in the database buffer cache are written to their respective data files, ensuring data consistency before the database is closed.