You have a listener process, L1, currently listening for the connections to the PROD and ADMIN databases. You create a new database, PAY, using CREATE DATABASE .. command. You have not enabled…

START is used to launch a listener that is currently not running, not to apply configuration file changes to an already running listener process.

RELOAD without a listener name targets the default listener named LISTENER, not the named L1 process, so the PAY entry would not be loaded for L1.

RESTART stops the listener and then starts it again, which would temporarily drop all existing connections to the PROD and ADMIN databases.

REFRESH is not a valid LSNRCTL command for re-reading and applying changes from listener.ora.

START L1 would only start the L1 listener if it were stopped; it cannot reload a new configuration into an already running process.

The RELOAD command instructs the listener control utility to re-read listener.ora and incorporate any newly added static service entries without stopping the listener process. Specifying L1 targets the named listener rather than the default listener, ensuring the PAY database entry is loaded into the correct process. Because the listener is never stopped, all existing connections to PROD and ADMIN remain completely unaffected.

RESTART L1 stops and restarts the L1 listener, which breaks all active connections to PROD and ADMIN during the restart cycle.

REFRESH L1 is not a recognized LSNRCTL sub-command for applying listener.ora changes to a running listener.