The instance abnormally terminates because of a power outage. Which statement is true about redo log files during instance recovery?

Only the current redo log file and any online redo log groups written after the last checkpoint are needed for instance recovery, not all inactive redo log files indiscriminately.

Instance recovery uses only online redo log files, not archived redo logs - archived logs are needed for media recovery, not instance (crash) recovery.

When an instance crashes, Oracle performs automatic instance recovery using the online redo logs. The recovery process applies all redo log entries generated after the last checkpoint - these are changes that were in the buffer cache but not yet flushed to data files - to roll the data files forward to the crash point, then rolls back any uncommitted transactions.

Redo entries before the checkpoint position have already been written to data files by the checkpoint process, so only entries AFTER the checkpoint must be applied, not entries up to it.