Which type of certificate is pre-installed in a web browser's trusted store?

Root certificates are self-signed certificates issued by trusted Certificate Authorities and are embedded directly into browser and OS trust stores during installation. They serve as the ultimate trust anchor - when a server presents a certificate, the browser traces the chain of signatures up to a pre-installed root certificate to verify legitimacy.

Server certificates are issued to individual web servers and installed on those servers, not pre-loaded into browser trust stores.

Client certificates are used to authenticate end users or devices to a server and are not pre-installed in browser trust stores.

Intermediate certificates are part of the certificate chain provided by the server during the TLS handshake and are not typically pre-installed in browser trust stores.