Which action will temporarily disable remote login access using telnet and ssh for all non-root accounts?

Editing /etc/security/passwd and recycling inetd affects password authentication records but does not create a universal login block for non-root users across all services.

Stopping sshd only disables SSH logins and has no effect on telnet or other login vectors, so access is not fully blocked.

When /etc/nologin exists, the PAM login stack and SSH daemon both check for this file and immediately refuse login for any non-root user, displaying the file contents as the rejection message. This mechanism is built into the login subsystem and intercepts sessions before shell access is granted. It is the standard, temporary method to block all non-root remote logins system-wide.

There is no PermitLogins directive in sshd_config; the relevant SSH directives are AllowUsers or DenyUsers, and this approach would only affect SSH, not telnet.

The nologin file must reside at /etc/nologin to be recognized by standard login utilities; /etc/sshd/nologin is not a valid path for this purpose.